Tattoos have surged in popularity, becoming a widespread form of self-expression for over 100 million individuals worldwide. However, as the demand for tattoos rises, so does the importance of understanding the potential health risks associated with tattoo ink. With the skin being the body's largest organ and the canvas for tattoos, it's crucial to delve into the composition of tattoo inks and their implications for health.
Uncovering Unlisted Additives
A recent study titled "What’s in my ink: An analysis of commercial tattoo ink on the U.S. market," conducted by researchers from Binghamton University, revealed startling findings. Analyzing inks from nine different brands commonly used in the United States, the study found that a significant majority—90%—of the examined inks contained unlisted additives and/or pigments.
Identified Health Hazards
Among the undisclosed ingredients detected in tattoo inks were substances with potential health hazards. Polyethylene glycol, known to cause organ damage through repeated exposure, was found in several samples. Similarly, propylene glycol, a potential allergen, raised concerns about adverse reactions. Additionally, the presence of higher alkanes and 2-phenoxyethanol, posing risks to nursing infants, added to the apprehension surrounding tattoo ink safety.
Common Negative Outcomes: Allergic Reactions
Allergic reactions are one of the most common negative outcomes associated with new tattoos. According to researchers, these reactions can persist, causing pain and even disfigurement. Red pigments, in particular, have been flagged as problematic, though the exact reasons remain unclear. A study conducted at NYU Langone Medical Center in 2013 revealed that approximately 6% of individuals who received tattoos experienced tattoo-related rashes, severe itching, or swelling lasting beyond four months, and in some cases, years.
Regulatory Concerns: Historical Laxity
The regulatory landscape surrounding tattoo inks has historically been lax, both in the United States and Europe. In Europe, concerns have been raised about the repurposing of tattoo ink ingredients from sources such as car paint, plastics, and textile dyes. The Joint Research Centre (JRC) reported that between 2005 and 2015, chemical ingredients were the primary concern in 95% of tattoo ink cases reported to the EU’s rapid alert system for dangerous products. Notably, two-thirds of these alerts were attributed to inks imported from the U.S.
Long-term Implications: Skin Cancer and Lymphoma
A Swedish study conducted in 2020 found a concerning association between tattoos and skin cancer or lymphoma. Among 36,000 adults aged 20 to 60 with tattoos, approximately 9,000 were diagnosed with either malignant melanoma or squamous cell carcinoma. While the causal relationship between tattoos and these diseases requires further investigation, it underscores the importance of understanding the potential long-term health implications of tattoo ink.
Regulatory Progress: The Modernization of Cosmetics Regulation Act
The Modernization of Cosmetics Regulation Act, passed in 2022, represents a response to escalating worries by granting the federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversight over tattoo inks, a first in its history. However, skepticism arises given the FDA's history of monitoring and approving potentially harmful chemicals that find their way into numerous products. Therefore, optimism about the FDA's ability to effectively regulate tattoo inks may be tempered by past experiences.
Advocating for Safety and Transparency
As the tattoo industry continues to evolve, prioritizing safety and transparency is paramount. Manufacturers must reevaluate their processes to ensure that tattoo inks meet stringent safety standards and the companies that produce them are held accountable. Additionally, artists and clients should advocate for better labeling practices and support regulatory efforts aimed at safeguarding public health. By raising awareness and demanding accountability, we can mitigate the health risks associated with tattoo ink. As with any decision concerning our bodies we must always read and research in order to make an informed decision.